烏蘭察布發電機租賃公司(si)帶(dai)你了解發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作原理：發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)一種(zhong)能量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，例(li)如，水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)能量帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)水(shui)輪機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，由(you)水(shui)輪機(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，并輸出感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢(shi)，即將水(shui)庫中(zhong)水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)能量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)基本的(de)(de)工作過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即為(wei)(wei)將各種(zhong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)能，通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。1.直流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作原理：直流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)工作時，外部機(ji)械(xie)力(li)的(de)(de)作用(yong)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)導體線(xian)圈在磁場中(zhong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，并不斷切割磁感線(xian)，產(chan)生感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)勢(shi)。圖1所示為(wei)(wei)典型(xing)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作原理示意(yi)圖

直流(liu)發電(dian)機轉(zhuan)子繞(rao)組(zu)開始(shi)旋轉(zhuan)瞬(shun)間(jian)的工作過程。當外部機械力(li)帶動(dong)繞(rao)組(zu)轉(zhuan)動(dong)時，線圈ab和cd分別做切割磁(ci)感(gan)線動(dong)作，根據電(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)原理，繞(rao)組(zu)內部產生電(dian)流(liu)，電(dian)流(liu)的方向由(you)右手定(ding)則可判斷為：感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)流(liu)經線圈dc→cb→ba、換(huan)向器(qi)1、電(dian)刷A、電(dian)流(liu)表、電(dian)刷B、換(huan)向器(qi)2形成回路。

直流(liu)發電(dian)機轉子繞組(zu)轉過90°后的(de)工作過程。當(dang)繞組(zu)轉過90°時，兩個繞組(zu)邊處于(yu)磁場物理中性面，且電(dian)刷不與(yu)換向片接觸，繞組(zu)中沒(mei)有電(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過，F=0，轉矩消失。

直流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)子(zi)繞組(zu)(zu)再經(jing)90°旋轉(zhuan)后的工作(zuo)過程。受外部機械力(li)作(zuo)用，轉(zhuan)子(zi)繞組(zu)(zu)繼續旋轉(zhuan)，這(zhe)時繞組(zu)(zu)繼續做切(qie)割磁感(gan)線動作(zuo)，繞組(zu)(zu)中又可產(chan)生感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，該感(gan)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)經(jing)繞組(zu)(zu)ab→bc→cd、換(huan)向器2、電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)A、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)表、電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)B、換(huan)向器1形(xing)成(cheng)回路(lu)。

轉(zhuan)子繞組(zu)內的感應電動勢(shi)是(shi)一種交變電動勢(shi)，而在電刷AB端(duan)的電動勢(shi)卻是(shi)直流(liu)電動勢(shi)，即通(tong)過換向器配合(he)電刷，使轉(zhuan)子繞組(zu)輸(shu)出的電流(liu)始終是(shi)一個方向，即為直流(liu)發電機的工(gong)作原理。

值(zhi)得注(zhu)意的(de)是(shi)，在實際直流發(fa)電機(ji)中，烏蘭察布發(fa)電機(ji)租賃轉(zhuan)子繞(rao)組(zu)并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)單線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，而是(shi)由許(xu)多線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)，繞(rao)組(zu)中的(de)這些(xie)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)均勻地(di)分(fen)布在轉(zhuan)子鐵芯的(de)槽內，線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)的(de)端點接到換(huan)(huan)向器(qi)(qi)的(de)相(xiang)應滑片上。換(huan)(huan)向器(qi)(qi)實際上由許(xu)多弧形導(dao)電滑片組(zu)成(cheng)，彼此用云母片相(xiang)互絕緣。線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)和(he)換(huan)(huan)向器(qi)(qi)的(de)滑片數目(mu)越多，發(fa)電機(ji)產生的(de)直流電脈(mo)動就(jiu)越小。一(yi)般(ban)中小型直流發(fa)電機(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)電壓(ya)有115V、230V、460V，大型直流發(fa)電機(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)電壓(ya)為800V左(zuo)右。

2.交(jiao)流同(tong)步發電(dian)機的(de)工作原理

交流同步發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)可以簡單看作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為取消直流發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)中的(de)換(huan)向器(qi)裝置后(hou)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程(cheng)(cheng)，即在發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子繞(rao)組旋轉(zhuan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中無換(huan)向過程(cheng)(cheng)，電(dian)流輸(shu)出方向發(fa)生變化的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)。

另外，在交流同步(bu)發電(dian)機中，并(bing)不是(shi)由轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)做切(qie)割磁(ci)感線運動(dong)，而是(shi)由轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子產(chan)生(sheng)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的磁(ci)場（勵磁(ci)裝置為(wei)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)通(tong)入電(dian)流），使定子繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)做切(qie)割磁(ci)感線的運動(dong)，從(cong)而產(chan)生(sheng)感應電(dian)動(dong)勢，并(bing)通(tong)過接線端(duan)子引出。

交流(liu)(liu)同步發電機根據定子(zi)繞組輸出相(xiang)(xiang)數，可以設計成(cheng)產(chan)生單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)或多相(xiang)(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電壓的(de)發電機。圖7為(wei)產(chan)生單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)、兩相(xiang)(xiang)和三相(xiang)(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電壓的(de)基本設置(zhi)。

所示為(wei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機工作原理示意圖(tu)。磁鐵旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)后，在(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A、B中(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)生正(zheng)弦(xian)波交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢e。將產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢的電(dian)(dian)(dian)源稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)相(xiang)，這種(zhong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機使用由(you)單(dan)(dan)(dan)相(xiang)和兩根電(dian)(dian)(dian)線供給的交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流，稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)相(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流，這種(zhong)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)單(dan)(dan)(dan)相(xiang)二線制。在(zai)(zai)該(gai)類發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機中(zhong)(zhong)，定(ding)子(zi)(zi)槽內放置著3個(ge)(ge)結構(gou)相(xiang)同的定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)AX、BY、CZ，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)A、B、C稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的始(shi)端(duan)，X、Y、Z稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的末端(duan)，這些繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)(zai)空間互隔120°。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)磁場(chang)在(zai)(zai)空間按(an)正(zheng)弦(xian)規律分布(bu)，當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)由(you)原動機帶動以角(jiao)速度ω等速順時針(zhen)方向旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時，在(zai)(zai)3個(ge)(ge)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)產(chan)(chan)生頻率相(xiang)同、幅值相(xiang)等、相(xiang)位上(shang)互差120°的3個(ge)(ge)正(zheng)弦(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，這樣就(jiu)(jiu)形成了對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢烏蘭察布(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機租賃。